jeudi 28 avril 2011

Social Engineering in Mass Medias : The Case of Enigma Software Group

Social Engineering in Mass Medias : The Case of Enigma Software Group

By Adam Richard, Information Security Consultant





Introduction



The story behind this whole article began a few months ago, on June 25th 2010 to be precise, when I read a news article on the web that had been submitted to me by one of the few security mailing lists that I'm subscribed to.  The article was actually about a so-called demographic study revealing an apparent higher infection rate in Southern cities of United States compared to the North of the country ("Southern Cities Have High Malware Rates" : http://threatpost.com/en_us/blogs/southern-cities-have-high-malware-infection-rates-062510?utm_source=Newsletter_062510&utm_medium=Email+Marketing&utm_campaign=Newsletter&CID= ).  This article mentions an online malware-tracker world map that keeps track in real time about malware infections and report them by geographical location (http://www.enigmasoftware.com/).  Even though the data presented is only very partial because it comes from a single source, this site immediately got my interest as it provided me with a few stats linked to the rural remote area in which I now live in.  Being required to provide such localized statistics for my business case for the small consulting firm I want to start down here in order to convince my funds providers of the relevancy of my business in the economical landscape of the region (as apparently they felt apart from the rest of the Internet), I was just too happy at my finding to listen to all the small alarm bells that tingled in my mind, much like Spider-Man's spider-sense when I reviewed the website in question more in depth.  I wanted to contact the company who owned this website Enigma Software Group (ESG) about some inquiry, but not finding any e-mail address (my favorite means of communication) on any of their page, I simply gave up about it and forgot the thought.






Figure 1. ESG's Malware Tracker Map




Until about a month later, at which time I was shockingly surprised to see the infection rates in small cities in my area go up by nearly 300%.  Thinking that this was adding weight to my business case (and in a sense it did), I took more time to scrutinize the tracker software's methodology, in order to get as much meaning out of the numbers as possible.  For example, there was a discrepancy on the malware-tracker site that I found hard to explain to my creditors so that they couldn't just brush off this data as being invalid or of unreliable source.  Not that they could have found that out by themselves, but like many security enthusiasts, I'm a little paranoid with details and have a tendency to be a perfectionist at times, often expecting for the worse to happen and plan accordingly.  With that being said, the discrepancy in question was about the fact that the site reported stats for relatively small-sized towns, along with the biggest city of the province I live in, Montréal.  But it showed no stats for Québec City, which is the second most important city of the province, along with its Capital.  Zooming out of the map, I finally found what was wrong when I saw an incredibly large number of reported infections out in the middle of nowhere, in the northern part of the province of Québec.




And that's when I found out what the problem with the discrepancy was : the stats for Québec City were tagged with the "Québec" label meant for the province as a whole (and which appears first in the site's parser), rather than to the "Québec" label meant for Québec City.  As a helping gesture, I decided to contact them about it so that they could fix this minor flaw on the display system of what I otherwise thought of being a really cool tool.  So, I tried to look for a e-mail contact somewhere...  ANYWHERE on the company's website, and couldn't find anything resembling it, without actually shelving out a few bucks to register their scanner software from which the stats were based upon which would then grant me access to e-mailing a support technician.




And that's when my spider-sense began tingling again.  And this time, I really took the time to look into it.




Figure 2. I need to pay money to tell them about a broken piece on their website? I think not.




In the light of my findings, and considering that this originally came to me as a reliable piece of security news provided from a generally trusted source (the Threatpost mailing list backed-up by Kaspersky Labs) the idea came to me to investigate the depth of the media coverage ESG received in recent years, and how they apparently managed to make a virgin image of themselves despite a shady and rocky past.  As for the present, the company claims as hard as it can that it is now operating legitimately, and even threatened to take legal action against anyone pretending to the contrary, so I'll content myself with just reporting the facts the way I see them and let you, the reader, be the judge.  The result of my investigation is presented in this article, and sheds some interesting lights about what I can only describe as social engineering techniques aimed at the mass medias (as opposed to a single person or small group of people) in an attempt to not only regain a certain level of apparent virginity, but also as a means to boost sales of a product of which the quality of is still matter to debate.




As a disclaimer, since there will be question of credibility a lot throughout this article, I feel that it is only fair that I provide some background info about myself.  So, for the record, I got my first computer at age 12, a Commodore 64, and learned programming on that box.  I later went to University, then worked as a technical support person for a couple of large companies for a few years.  Then in 2000, following a burn-out, I became a self-learner security enthusiast, writing a few technical research articles and pioneering in the log management department with Open Source softwares (LogAgent, LogIDS, LogMonitor, ComLog, SIDTk) what unfortunately (for me) never got quite the buzz and support that Snort did at the time.  This material has been presented in the academical conference Seguridad en Computo in Mexico City over the years of 2000-2004, in which time-frame I worked for two security companies (one of them based in Paris, France) and tried to sell a commercial version of my Open Source softwares, which never really panned out.  I also did a conference in Québec City, and got invited at the Canadian Embassy in Washington as part of a government-backed IT security economical mission in the US, all in 2004.  I took a break completely from computer security in 2005, and at 37 now, seeing how things have so little changed and not feeling one bit out of the loop due to my 5-years non-exposure, I am attempting my way back into it in my small-town, French-speaking birthplace.  One of my softwares, ComLog has been falsely flagged as malware in the past, and may still be today, which means that I am fully aware of what it is to be put into ESG's situation.  The irony of it being that it my case, ComLog is labeled as a keylogger spyware, when in fact it was designed from an admin's perspective in order to provide him with a history of commands that a hacker could be passing through cmd.exe (as this was a popular trend when IIS4 directory traversal attacks were the norm), and thus allowing him to know exactly what happened over the course of an attack, and take proper immediate action (when combined with LogAgent to centralize in real-time the logged info).  A subtlety that some "anti-malware" vendors of the time, trying to build up a reputation by buffing up the number of actual "threats" detected as much as possible as a way to build street-cred, failed to see, despite my explanations to them.  But I digress.




So, enough about me, and hang on to your seats folks, as you risk falling down your chair on more than one occasion as you discover some of the amazing stuff missed by the reporters of major media outlets such as CNN.com, NBC, USA Today, CNET, Information Week (http://www.enigmasoftware.com/about-us/esg-in-the-news/) and even security-aware mailing lists like Threatpost (who politely declined to follow-up on this issue) among many others, and which just proves how just about anyone can use today's "journalism laziness" to their advantage to social-engineering them into doing their own marketing campaigns for them for free, and for a product of dubious reputation thanks to its long history (ESG's SpyHunter has been around 1999), no matter what is ESG's stand on the state of its product nowadays.  Some of these things are so big that it becomes obvious that any and all journalist, reporter and media outlet that jumped into the ESG bandwagon didn't do the simplest of background check on Enigma Software Group and its spokespersons and took their words for face value.  Once you put together the findings gathered over about 60 websites (reached through very simple Google searches), it quickly becomes clear that ESG's credibility isn't on par with what they claim to be.



Figure 3. Some of the media outlets that have reported about Enigma Software Group









The Early Days of ESG



Going back into the story I began earlier, at the point where I was being told by the website that I had to pay for SpyHunter in order for me to hope of being able to send an e-mail to someone, a technical support contact, no less!  Definitely not wanting to shelve any amount of my money just to notify this company about a small discrepancy on their website, as part of a helping gesture too, I definitely became very suspicious.  Looking closer at the "data" collected by SpyHunter and reported on the malware-tracker map, I realize that this data is MUCH more partial that I thought.  Of course, there is the obvious fact that this data shows only what has been gathered by one single tool on the market, which means that all infections detected by other products are not reported on this site.  But more important than that, at this point, is the fact that only the "Top Ten" threats are apparently reported, and strangely enough, 8 out of 10 consist of Rogue Anti-Malwares, a common type of ransomware.  Which is kind of ironic, seeing that SpyHunter was actually identified as one such Rogue Anti-Malware in the past, and still sports several characteristics of one even nowadays, despite not being listed as a Rogue software anymore.  In all cases, it does seem to be a rather poor quality product compared to the norm on the market, as we will see.




I have found very little about the very early days of SpyHunter, from it's launch in 1999 to about 2004.  There is a WikiPedia entry about it, but the article is labeled with a warning that the article is an orphan.  The "strange wording" of the entry, as reported by the admin staff if WikiPedia makes me believe that is was written by ESG's founder himself, Alvin Estevez, or one of his employees/affiliates.  Here is what it says :



SpyHunter is a proprietary computer program developed by Enigma Software Group USA, LLC that detects and removes software determined to be spyware or adware.



It requires Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP and Internet Explorer version 6.0 or higher.[citation needed]



Reception



The initial version of the program was reviewed several times and received a mixed reception. Some of the most common complaints included the speed of a scan, a lack of a quarantine function, and its price relative to performance.[1] However, the program also received positive comments about simplicity, albeit this being due partially to limited features.[1]



In early 2004, SpyHunter was blamed for producing false positives and using aggressive advertising techniques. This resulted in negative reception. SpyHunter was promoted aggressively by some affiliates, but all of them were eventually banned by program makers in late 2004.







The references ([1]) point to a PC Magazine review of the SpyHunter software dating back to early 2004 (http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1524261,00.asp), and which rated the tool as a rather poor one considering the other options on the market.  This is the only actual professional and independent review that I found on the web.  Possibly I haven't looked deep enough, but chances are that if any review had been made about the tool that was only a tad more positive about the product, that ESG wold have touted about it on their website or somewhere else.  Here are some excerpts of that review article :





SpyHunter was always one of our favorite video games (admit it, the music is running through your head), so we're extra disappointed that Enigma Software Group co-opted the name to put out such a mediocre product. SpyHunter 1.4.42 provides no blocking capabilities, offers only brief descriptions of detected spyware, and includes virtually no help or documentation. Its scanning was extremely slow and, on heavily infected systems, sometimes seemed to freeze entirely. These limited capabilities and minimal configuration options make it hard for us to recommend SpyHunter, even though it was one of the better apps at spyware detection.



Even under the best of circumstances, SpyHunter's scan speed was tediously slow. (...) When it finally did manage to complete a scan, it detected spyware quite respectably, but its removal results were mediocre at best.



Sometimes a simple interface deftly masks complex functions, but in SpyHunter's case the interface is simple because the features are minimal. (...)



SpyHunter's help system is disappointing, consisting of a Windows file containing just two paragraphs of text.



Although SpyHunter includes a live- update capability, it doesn't tell you when or whether a new program file is available. You have to click the Program Update button, reinstall, and reboot, without knowing whether you're going to get a newer version or not. Checking to ensure you have current spyware definition files is more seamless.




Compared with many other products offering richer features at similar prices, SpyHunter offers little reason to choose it.







The WikiPedia page also references an article on Mahalo.com (http://www.mahalo.com/how-to-uninstall-spyhunter-and-is-it-malware) which explains how to uninstall ESG's SpyHunter, along with providing a little bit more info on the company's stance towards how it is perceived by the IT security community.




Is Spyhunter Malware? During 2009/2010 Spyhunter is not considered malware according to the anti spyware coalition (http://www.antispywarecoalition.org/) definitions for classification as malware or spyware.





Going back to 2004 - 2006, Spyhunter was occasionally referred to as malware. Some anti-malware products, including Spybot, actually uninstalled the product and treated Spyhunter as if it was malware http://forums.spybot.info/showthread.php?t=702811.





From 2007 Spyhunter has been de-listed and is now recognized as an anti-malware tool. Spyhunter does not appear in the following malware encyclopedias:



   1. Computer Associates http://search.ca.com/search/ca?style=en&qt=spyhunter&col=12


   2. Spyware DB http://www.spywaredb.com/search-spyware/13

   3. Bazooka http://www.kephyr.com/spywarescanner/library/14





To clear the record Spybot issued the following statement about Spyhunter in March 2009. http://forums.spybot.info/showthread.php?t=3412515



   1. "Investigations of Spyhunter Version 3.9.25 of 18-03-2009 show, that the software does not comply with the ASCs (http://www.antispywarecoalition.org) definitions for classification as malware or spyware."




   1. "Safer-Networking Ltd. will not give subsequent reviews of older versions of Spyhunter."

   2. "Questions about data transferred to the web by Spyhunter should be addressed to Enigma."






These statements from Spybot came out of an out-of-court settlement after a lawsuit had been filled against them by ESG.



Interestingly enough, the WikiPedia entry also has a link to ESG's filings at the SEC (http://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000799511).  I am unfortunately not able to tell what's all these are about as this legal mumbo-jumbo is beyond my French-speaking self, but I guess I'll just do my own bit of lazy journalism here and make a mention of it, assuming that it bears relevancy with the rest of my analysis.




After being pointed at for more than dubious business practices in around 2004, at which time it had been labeled as a scareware producing false-positives in order to boost sales, the company by way of its president Alvin Estevez vowed to clean their act and to start doing business more ethically.  However, the company's past shady reputation would prove to be a quite high hurdle to surmount, but it became quickly apparent, in an open-thread discussion with the community on a public internet forum in 2007 that the people at Enigma Software Group just didn't get what it meant do to ethical business, and all that it implied.  Interestingly enough, however, I could pinpoint very exactly to two speficic posts in that thread that will prove to be the basis of ESG's new (and so far successful) "marketing" strategy that proved to be the key to their "turning over a new leaf" process.






2007 : The New Beginning




After the scandal about the false-positives in 2004 and a somewhat similar scandal in 2005, Enigma Software Group publicly vowed to turn over a new leaf, but in reality their practices remained very closely similar to these same deceiving tactics used by actual Rogue Anti-Malware programs.  An article written on April 26th 2007 by Steven Burn, from "Ur I.T. Mate group" (http://mysteryfcm.co.uk/?mode=Articles&date=26-04-2007) provides a good overview of the company's practices around that time :



How do you gather the masses to ensure your stock price goes up?, simple - ensure lots of people know about it, and scam err, have them try it.



Indeed, that's just what Enigma Software Group have done via a network of different website's, some making clear they run it - others trying to have you believe others do. The first site I found out about, 411-spyware-remove.com, was spammed to the Security Cadets forums on April 5th. This spam, as you can see from figure 1, attempts to convince us, that the SpyLocked infection was resolved by none other than 411-spyware-remove.com. Alas however, these claims are both mis-leading and spammy. The website offers a file under the title "Automatic Spyware Removal Tool for SpyLocked", with the filename FreeSpywareScanner.exe.



What originally got me curious is that it was UPX packed, and whilst I was able to unpack it, I was not able to actually extract the contents of the installer. All I got was an error from Universal Extractor telling me the installer was corrupt. Loading the installer on the test machine however, it ran absolutely fine, and proceeded to inform me I was installing SpyHunter, the program once listed (and should never have been removed) on Eric Howes, Rogue/Suspect Anti-Spyware Products & Web Sites list.



SpyHunterI ran SpyHunter on my test machine and did it remove SpyLocked as claimed? .... did it heck - it didn't even detect it!!!! detecting instead, only a few cookies, which it then wanted payment for before it would "remove the parasites".




Enigma Software Group however, didn't just spam one forum - heck no. They wanted to ensure it was seen and promoted in several places, such as eBaums World (1, 2), Lockergnome (1, 2 & 3), Lavasoft (now removed), Smart Computing (1), Aumha (now removed), PC Mag (1, 2, 3), to name but a few.



Enigma Software Group are not newcomers to scandals however, in 2004 they were outed at Spyware Beware, due to their 2-spyware.com website stealing content from other website's in order to push SpyHunter. In 2005 they were outed again for mis-use of the Index.dat Suite name, in order to push their Adorons Easy Security, and in some pages, SpyHunter. (...)



Their latest scandal however, is much worse than their previous practices as they have decided that after a period of being quiet, spamming is the best way to make things work for them. However, to make it work best, you need as much publicity and "options" as possible. This has resulted in a plethora of website's being used solely for the purpose of pushing SpyHunter - some making clear Enigma run them, some not so clear.



Site's we know of at present include;




411-spyware-remove.com

411-spyware.com

spywareremove.com

against-spyware.com

anti-spyware-101.com

spyware-escape.com

spywarelocked.org

xp-vista.com


softvote.com

2-freespywareremoval.com

uninstall-spyware.com

uninstall-i-lookup.com

wiki-security.com

remove-spylocked.wiki-security.com

www.smitfraud-removal.com.removal-instructions.com*

pcthreat.com

spyware-techie.com




* Also valid as [infection].removal-instructions.com



Excluding their "official" website's (enigmasoftware.com, enigmasoftwaregroup.com) ... and there's likely alot more we've not yet found. (...)






This article was written on the very same day that ESG, by way of CEO Alvin Estevez and Chairman Colorado Stark, made a public effort at binding ties with the anti-malware community at large and try to work out with them the problems being reproached to his software and his company.  This comes as no surprise, as Steven's article had been triggered by ESG's attempt at Public Relations.  This all happened in a rather revealing (even though a bit tedious and repetitive at times) thread that happened in the Spyware Warrior forum (http://spywarewarrior.com/viewtopic.php?t=24810).




I have read somewhere in all the pages I read during this investigation someone describe Alvin Estevez as a paranoid and manipulative person.  Even though I do not have the credentials needed to make that sort of psychological diagnosis, there are numerous snippets in this thread that would tend to suggest so.  Over the course of this thread, he also shows several times that he fails to grasp even the simplest of business ethics or even information security awareness.  His opening posts already shows some signs of these tendencies :






The executives and employees of Enigma Software Group, Inc. (NASDAQ OTCBB:ENGM), the makers of Spyhunter, have selected this location as a venue for an open technical discussion on SpyHunter  with the internet security community. We have invited several experts, but anyone is welcome to participate in this discussion.



The guidelines of this website do not require users to identify themselves. Enigma does however request that participants in this discussion thread identify themselves. This is to help ensure that the discussion will not be subverted by those who would post comments for anticompetitive purposes. Accordingly, Enigma requests that participants in this forum thread first introduce themselves and provide their name, address, and occupation.



A) We are here to answer any questions about the following points:



1. What is the Origin of Enigma Software Group, Inc.?



2. What is the background of Enigma's management and staff?




3. What is our mission?



4. What is Enigma's business model and what are our services?



5. The anatomy of SpyHunter and it's web systems?



B) We would also like raise the following questions:



1. Should the rogue list on www.spywarewarrior.com be the de facto industry standard?



2. If not, what is the industry standard definition of a rogue?




3. We notice these sites Temerc.com, malwarebytes,org, securitycadets.com, malwareteks.com often post on each others forums, or have administrative capabilities over each others forums, and would like to know more about the relationship between these sites?



4. Is it fair to consider the opinions posted on these sites fair and objective when they have affiliate links, and/or self developed commercial applications?



5. Should the group of sites mentioned in question 3 be classified as Neutral/Objective internet security critics journalists, bloggers etc. Or a coordinated campaign from competitors?



C) We will not answers questions concerning:



1. Trade Secrets



2. Financial Information




3. Unrelated Personal Information



This discussion may contain forward-looking statements relating to the development of Enigma Software Group, Inc.'s products and services and future operating results, including statements regarding Enigma Software Group's software, that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. The words "believe," "expect," "intend," "anticipate," variations of such words, and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that the statement is not forward-looking. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Factors that could affect Enigma Software Group Inc.'s actual results include the progress and costs of the development of our products and services, the timing of market acceptance of those products and services and subscriber cancellations and returns. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this release. Enigma Software Group, Inc. undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, events or circumstances after the date of this release or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.








First, we notice that they require people who wish to participate to the discussion to disclose very sensitive personal information, such as real name, address and current occupation (phone number not mentionnd but implied by many forum members) and that coming from a company who can't even provide a generic support e-mail address for people to easily reach them, and AFTER being told not to request this information by e-mail (lucky her!) by a forum admin.  We can also see how Mr. Estevez wants to control the flow of the discussion in advance by selecting which topics are valid for discussion and which ones are not, and even pushing as far as trying to push its own paranoid agenda as can be seen in list item B) 3, 4 and 5.  Finally, some weird disclaimer mumbo-jumbo that doesn't mean much other than not to take what ESG and it's employees may say on this forum as cash-value.  Which is a kind of weird way to "come clean", in my opinion.



The actual thread mostly ran around list item A) 4 (ESG's business model), with the same questions being asked very clearly by many forum members under different tones depending on the person, which mostly got the same replies from Estevez and Stark, which was to try to re-direct the blame directed towards them onto the "smearing competitors conspirators".  This ran on and on under different tones and variations before ESG representatives eventually started to lower their defensive shields and started to listen to what the community had to say.




A good example of how most of the thread went, I'll just go with the gist of MysteryFCM's first post (Steven Burn, who wrote that same-day article previously mentioned) to the thread, and Alvin's answer to it.



MysteryCFM : (...)  Irrespective of the above, as has been made very clear from the numerous articles now online, and those published over the years, the main problem (as is the focus of the latest articles) are your marketing practices.



I've got screenshots (PDF'd incase they accidentally disappear) and files, obtained from site's that serve no other purpose than to push SpyHunter.




If you've read the articles, I'm sure you are aware of the domains concerned. If not, there's a list of them here, which includes;



411-spyware-remove.com

411-spyware.com

spywareremove.com

against-spyware.com

anti-spyware-101.com

spyware-escape.com

spywarelocked.org


xp-vista.com

softvote.com

pcontech.com

2-freespywareremoval.com








Alvin Estevez : MysteryFCM,



pcontech.com is not affiliated with Enigma Software Group, Inc. in any shape way or form. So you were stating a misfact....



I am curious to explore more of these misfacts on future discussions.



It is late and I have a family waiting... Wink have a good night!



The other sites on your list are all either ours and/or our affiliate sites.



I have a question for you? What is your relationship with TeMerc, Security Cadets, Malwarebytes, and Malwareteks?








Alvin Estevez : MysteryFCM,



Please post your complaints or issue here on this forum (Spywarewarrior.com) so we can all see it and we can "quote" and comment and analyze it in one place.




I read many of your issues and complaints in http://mysteryfcm.co.uk/?mode=Articles&date=26-04-2007



To answer your issue with multiple sites it is so odd to me?????? and very funny too! Smile



So PC Doctor, Alluria Software, and other commercial Anti-Spyware makers should not have affiliates? Smile



What about you and your buddies’ blogging away between each other and other forums and blogs to get links back to your sites?




There is nothing wrong or misleading about having multiple sites or affiliates promoting your products.



Also, we do not use affiliate IDs because we developed a better system on tracking our downloads, installs, and conversions. Our affiliates use a system which simply has a simple download link with the Spyhunter trial each affiliate can rename the trial to what they want it to be.



For example this site: http://www.anti-spyware-101.com/remove-spylocked/



Here is an example of a download link: http://www.anti-spyware-101.com/download/Free-Spyware-Scanner99314p2s5.exe



http://www.anti-spyware-101.com/download/Free-Spyware-Scanner99314p2s5.exe does an php redirect to our a013.com tracking and distribution server. the actual download will look like this Free-Spyware-Scanner-Install.exe to make it easy on the user to download and remember the file name.




Please keep the conversation about the facts, and state technically what is our crime.. I hear a lot of opinion, but no technical reason why we are a rogue.



I am sure that PconTech misfact, is not the only misconception you are posting about..... We will review more of them. Best to use this forum to go over the list. Why don't you post a list of all your issues? Let's explore them!



I hear a lot of anger from you and your pals , I hope this is not about human jealousy? Seems you were angry of the fact we make money! is this correct?



Before you judge us, why don’t you take this opportunity to speak one-on-one with the folks at Enigma.



I assume you folks have real jobs and families. I am assuming I am speaking with ladies and gentlemen.




I am assuming I am speaking to decent people...........



Let's get to the heart of the issues. We came here to get to know you all....... and clear the air...



Good night! Smile






Right here with this last post, we can see what is actually the main issues blamed on ESG.  To Alvin Estevez, there is no problem spamming on forums with links back to "affiliates" (on domains actually owned by ESG itself) which push the SpyHunter product but not making any clear mention that it's actually SpyHunter being downloaded until you're in mid-install.  The affiliates websites make no mention of SpyHunter or its maker ESG, change the binary name to something generic which furthers the camouflage of SpyHunter (which they claim as a legitimate marketing practice, but in reality it's a very poor branding practice for their product), and also claims on these affiliate websites that the software downloaded was a free "removal" tool, when in fact it was more accurate to call it a "free scanner", since you actually had to pay for any kind of malware removal to happen.  These are very deceiving business practices highly similar to what classifies most Rogue Anti-Malware tools out there that SpyHunter supposedly combats as such, and Alvin Estevez fails to realize it.  On top of that, he sees no differences between these dubious practices and the open collaboration on forums of reputable anti-malware specialists (his "competitors") who actually contribute factual and technically-solid information that does not try to masquerade as something else.






Alvin Estevez : Are you all in agreement with this list?



1. STOP spamming forums



2. MAKE IT CLEAR it is SpyHunter that will be downloaded




3. STOP claiming it is a free removal tool



4. STOP dodging questions you do not like





knee jerk answers:



1. STOP spamming forums

how can my affilaites "legitimately" be part of the forums? So you guys have more right than my people?




2. MAKE IT CLEAR it is SpyHunter that will be downloaded

I do not have a problem with this



3. STOP claiming it is a free removal tool

I do not have a problem with this 



(...)






Later on, when the tension had gone down a bit, Estevez started to get the difference between forum spamming and posting actual informative articles and tried to prove his good nature by voluntarily sharing with the forum some of how own precious technical know-how by mentioning how viruses and other baddies can be removed by making a registry diff by using the System Restore functionality in Windows in order to prevent memory-resilient malwares to launch at start-up, and thus ease the manual removal process.  While technically accurate, this information does not represent some sort of secret Holy Grail of anti-malware techniques to the malware experts present in the thread, nor is it new or widely used in anti-malware products.




One of TeMerc's posts contained however a prophetic promise to Alvin Estevez and ESG :



Temerc : Your affiliates can blog and push their products all they like, that is not an issue. But when it is done in the manner which has been documented, by tag-teaming forums in the way I already described it, that is a problem. We in the security arena do not do that in any way shape manner or form.



Get a clue. This is tiresome.




Let me try and make this simple for you:

When and if Enigma Software stops spamvertising in the methods previously documented, we, meaning everyone involved in this thread, stop blogging about it. We stop chasing your thugs around to post what is really going on. We stop everything.








Colorado (Stark) : Hello to all.



First, I would like to thank all of the participants in this forum for your input. Some of your suggestions are great, and we will be following.




It would be very helpful if we can set out a more definitive set of guidelines to our affiliates of what exactly is spamvertising.



To do so, I have to bring up a few more questions:





What is the defining line between contributing to a forum and spamvertising?





What exactly is difference from what you are calling our spamvertising, and what you yourselves are doing? Crosslinking, SocialBookmarking, etc.





JeaninMontana suggested making valuable contributions to forums.




That is an interesting suggestion. Are you saying, if we direct our affiliates to come in forums like this one or any other security forum, make some valuable contributions and put links in their signature (such as Temerc has) that we are then not spamvertising?



(...)






We can see in this last snippet and many other afterward that despite an apparent willingness to change their business practices, ESG is more interested making their current business practices "comply" with acceptable standards without actually changing them as much as possible.  And as we will see later, they did quite a good job at it.  The following post from eburger68 will prove to be influential in the future of ESG.




eburger68 : Alvin,



No one is questioning the right of Engima Software or its affiliates to blog on whatever they want or to participate in forums.



If you or your affiliates do participate in forums, however, you must take care not to approach those forums as little more than an advertising and marketing opportunity. These and other security forums are not potential advertising portals or platforms for your product, and when persons promoting Spy Hunter simply intervene in an ongoing discussion (esp. one in which a victim is being assisted) to promote Spy Hunter, forum regulars tend to get a little pissed. That's what you're seeing here.




Take a look around in the forums here and elsewhere. You'll find reps from many anti-malware companies participating in discussions, even answering user questions and issues with their products.



What you will not find these reps doing is actively promoting their products. These forums can be used to support existing users of your products when those users come to such forums with questions and problems, but they shouldn't be used to promote your products.



Now, in the course of answering questions about your products and participating in discussions about all manner of topics, you gain visibility in the community. One of the potential effects of that visibility is increased sales -- but more sales would be a by-product at best, not a direct, planned outcome.



I think the active posters in this thread have readily identified the problems and issues driving their concerns and complaints, and from what I can tell it seems you know what needs to be done.






But possibly the most important snippet of this forum thread in regards to the future of Enigma Software Group are the following two pieces from Just Bob :



Just Bob :  To improve your standing you may consider the following:



Join the anti-spyware community rather than fighting them.



Drop the affiliate program.




If there's even one threat for which you feel you have a superior solution, offer a free removal tool and submit that tool to a few well known and respected members of the community for their review. I think you'll find that, if it is truly superior and you have taken the other steps recommended in this thread, they will recommend its use. Your reputation would soar.







Just Bob :  You may have missed the point to some degree. There's nothing wrong with being a "for profit" company.




I'm not suggesting you offer Spy Hunter for free, only a dedicated removal tool for a specific threat. That tool, if truly superior, would provide your advertising. It would require constant updating as the threat evolved, but would likely cost less than your affiliate program.



I do realize that this would require a new business plan, but if you're in for the long haul, reputation is everything.






After a lot of fighting and arguing over the issues they are being charged with, ESG's CEO Alvin Estevez finally came to make the following statement :




Alvin Estevez :  The issue of the affiliates.... we will correct this issue... we got the point.



I assure all of you any person working for Enigma... Employee or Affiliate will identify themselves as members of Enigma and will be actively contributing... as Eric, Jane, and TeMrc suggested. We have a lot of cleaning up to do. I understand what the issues are... I never understood how serious and pationate forum folks really are! Smile



What I am looking for is cooperation from your community.






This did not conclude the thread, which went on for two more pages, but when one looks back at the whole thing in retrospect of the events that occurred since then, I think we can pinpoint Just Bob's and eburger68's comments as being critical to how ESG conducted business since 2007, and which in turn gave them the "mediatic virginity" needed to pass under the radar of such respected security mailing lists as ThreatPost, amongst numerous other media outlets.







Media coverage of ESG in recent years



As we just saw, the consensus was mostly that the SpyHunter application was not the issue with ESG as much as their business practices themselves.  An examination of ESG's website and its network of affiliates, one could see that they didn't change that much from what they were circa 2007, which isn't too surprising considering the fact that it had been found out during that famous thread discussion that ESG's problems with the behavior of its affiliates was that ESG wasn't even enforcing its own policies on the affiliates.  Better yet, Estevez didn't even know that his company already had suitable policies in place until a thread participant pointed it out to him!



A closer examination of these websites compared with snapshots of 2007, however, reveals a series of interesting minor changes, which, interestingly enough, make their website network comply to a minimum to the solutions outlined by forum participants and which we just covered in the previous section.



For example, the following things are quite notable :



    - Mentions of a "Free scan" instead of a "Free Removal Tool" on all of their websites

    - Downloaded executables now wear a name identifying it clearly to SpyHunter (even though the filename changes depending on the location from which it is downloaded)

    - There is a mention of SpyHunter under the download links on affiliate websites

    - Articles provided by their affiliates on forums now appear to have more content




However, there are also many other things that have NOT changed, and which still raises concerns about ESG's true intents about the way they do business.  For example :


    - Even though, technically, SpyHunter is mentioned on the affiliate websites, it is actually written so small that it is barely noticeable, which is kind of a weird thing to do when you want to get your brand product recognized by the masses.  Let's not forget here that they were practically forced to clearly identify the software being downloaded, and even though they now comply, it is quite obvious that they did it to a minimum

    - There is no mention whatsoever of any affiliation with ESG on the affiliates websites, other than the previously mentioned download link, while it is actually obvious that the sole purpose of these sites is to specifically push sales of SpyHunter.  While not illegal, it is somewhat dishonest and deceiving as these sites pretend that they're independent from one another and free of commercial bias, when in reality it's not the case.

    - The articles now provided are somewhat generic and redundant, most (if not all) of them dealing with the manual steps on how to remove a specific piece of malware.  While being possibly accurate, one has to wonder of their value in the light of the rate at which new malware is produced these days.  The info presented in the articles are possibly recycled from other sources, and are almost all similar since the steps to remove one piece of malware does not differ that much from the steps to remove another malware.  All the malwares mentioned in the articles are actually about Rogue Anti-Malwares, which is only a small subset of the threats currently running in the wild.


    - The already mentioned fact that there is not a single e-mail address to contact them on their webpage, other than forms for press or partnership inquiries, and which request for quite some sensitive information just in order to be able to send ESG a message.

    - Business street addresses and phone numbers for offices in US (Florida), Lithuania (!) and South-Africa (!!) on their website, but also mentions of an address in Connecticut on SpywareWarrior.com




Figure 4. ESG's official addresses as published on their website





Alvin Estevez :

(...)

ENIGMA SOFTWARE GROUP, INC.

2 Stamford Landing, Suite 100, Stamford, CT 06902

NASDAQ OTCBB - ENGM



PHONE: (203) 921-0350 | FAX: (203) 621-3334

URL: http://www.enigmasoftware.com







Not that there is anything wrong with having more than one business address, but in the light of everything that's been pointed out already, along with a quick check on ESG's SpyHunter on ComplaintsBoard.com (http://www.complaintsboard.com/?search=SpyHunter&sort=date&everything=everything&page=1), and already any self-respected journalist should start thinking twice before giving media coverage to this company and its people.  But through perseverance, "cleaning their act" in the ways described earlier, and as we will see later with the major help of the release of a free tool, ESG has managed to create a mediatic snowball effect over the last three years or so that is just starting now to take significant proportions.  And apparently, in this day of information age, the prevalent journalistic laziness which is more and more observable these days compared to a few years ago makes it so that once a source *seems* to have passed the credential checks of another journalist, then that source immediately becomes credible to other journalists, without any of them feeling it required to double-check the background of said source.




I traced their first "major" mediatic appearance (by that, I mean "one that was not trying to depict them as potential fraudsters" as was the case in the past) to a short 3 minute presence on a program called "The Balancing Act" presented on Cable channel "Lifetime TV" aired on November 10th, 2007.  In it, we see Alvin Estevez's wife Nina along with Alec Malaspina, whom I get is in charge of technical operations at ESG.  It's not the "big-time" yet, but hey!  It's TV, and besides, it can be recycled afterward on the web, which it was.  One is not to expect a great display of technical know-how in such a short piece, and thus can not really be used to evaluate the technical expertise of these two spokespersons.  I do find interesting, however, Nina Estevez's lapsus (slip of the tongue) when she says that "Spyware is software that hmm... gets infected... in your machine when you browse the web(...)".  The whole thing sounds like a rehearsed act though, and this isn't that surprising as this is what one can expect from such a generic show on Cable TV.  I do find it somewhat ironic however, when show host Maria Bailey warns the viewers of fraudulent marketers as she introduces Estevez and Malaspina.










The first news article about them listed on ESG's website dates back to August 13th, 2008, and was published in the Tech section of the USA Today (Technology Live: New York City with the Most Spyware.  http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/post/2008/08/54151498/1?loc=interstitialskip).  The article was about a compiled list of "most infected sites" by geographical location from which was pulled the news piece that New York was hit with the most infections.  It is interesting to notice that the link provided in the article as the source to get SpyHunter actually points to one of the affiliate websites (spyware-remove.com), and not directly to enigmasoftware.com.  It is also interesting that this article will base the foundation of ESG's future mediatic spin, but we aren't there yet as they're not yet applying this data onto a Google map.




The next article listed (Google Tailors YouTube for Suits  http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/64368.html?wlc=1220398260) dates back to September 2nd 2008, and is somewhat of an oddity when compared to the others listed on Enigma's website, in the way that the article doesn't speak of ESG's activity as a anti-malware vendor at all, focusing instead on the use of online video services by company execs to conduct business.  It is in that light that Alvin Estevez managed to get a few quotes mentioned in the article, as shown in the following snippet from EcommerceTimes.com :



(...) That assessment is echoed by Alvin Estevez, founder of Enigma Software Group, makers of Spyhunter security software.




"We use YouTube for our marketing," he told the E-Commerce Times. "It is a far superior product than Google Video, by the way, in terms of the eyeballs it can deliver." The company also uses a Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT) media video-streaming service for internal videos, but does not consider it a core application.


User-Friendly Enough?



Would Estevez make the shift? "It would depend on how easy it is to use," he said. (...)







The next article was published on Investors.com on September 9th 2008 (N.Y. Region Big On Anti-Spyware, But So Is The Last Frontier, Alaska.  http://www.investors.com/NewsAndAnalysis/Article/459026/200809091617/NY-Region-Big-On-Anti-Spyware-But-So-Is-The-Last-Frontier-Alaska.aspx), and was more or less based on the same piece than the first article about the New York infections, but this time also with an emphasis on Alaska.



It is then that Enigma Software Group experienced a significant shift in their mediatic marketing attempts, thanks to the "mediatic storm" that surrounded the infamous Conficker worm.  Following Just Bob's advice in the forum thread mentioned earlier, ESG created a completely free removal tool specifically designed for the Conficker worm.  The tool was aptly named Conficker Removal Tool.  The release of this tool, the fact that it was a free removal tool as advertised and the mediatic attention that the Conficker worm gathered in the major medias made it so that Enigma software Group suddenly began receiving more media attention.  They got 9 articles from various sources (DarkReading.com, Information Week, CNET News, USA Today (Tech and Money sections), CNN.com, UPI.com, CNBC) that were published between March 12 2009 and April 1 2009 solely based on the exposure ESG got through its free Conficker Removal Tool.  There are other two articles that mentions them that were published in that same time-frame, but they didn't cover the Conficker worm specifically.  They actually are two articles, written by the same journalist (Byron Acohido), one written for the Tech section of the USA Today and the other for The Last Watch Dog(lastwatchdog.com).  One article talks about SQL injection and the other speaks of a specific case of Google Search Engine Optimization poisoning.  The two articles both have in common to contain the very same exact sentence, which is also the sole reason why these articles are listed on ESG's websites.




There are numerous consumer tools designed to assess the goodness of the Web page you are about to click to, and tell you whether it’s safe. AVG, ScanSafe, McAfee and Enigma have consumer web scanning tools and services worth checking out.






No problems so far as April Fools’ computer worm awakens.  (Posted on CNN.com, April 01, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/04/01/tech.viruses/index.html


Happy Anniversary ‘Melissa;’ Next Up, Conficker!.  (Posted on CNBC.com, March 26, 2009. http://www.cnbc.com/id/29897497)

Conficker Cabal goes after computer worm.  (Posted on UPI.com, March 25, 2009. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/03/25/Conficker-Cabal-goes-after-computer-worm/UPI-14801237929348/)


Cybersheriffs arm selves for Conficker showdown.  (Newspaper article from USATODAY, March 25, 2009. http://www.enigmasoftware.com/news/usatoday/cybersheriffs-arm-selves-for-conficker-showdown.pdf)

No joke in April Fool’s Day computer worm.  (Posted on CNN.com, March 24, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/TECH/03/24/conficker.computer.worm/index.html)

PC security forces face April 1 showdown with Conficker worm.  (Posted on USATODAY.com, March 24, 2009. http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/computersecurity/wormsviruses/2009-03-24-conficker-computer-worm_N.htm)


Hackers poison PCs that Google “March Madness”.  (Posted on USATODAY.com, March 18, 2009. http://blogs.usatoday.com/technologylive/2009/03/hackers-poison.html)

FAQ: The rapid spread of SQL injection attacks.  (Posted on LastWatchdog.com, March 17, 2009. http://lastwatchdog.com/faq-sql-injection-attacks/)

Latest Conficker worm gets nastier. (Posted on CNet.com, March 13, 2009. http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10196122-83.html)


No Fooling: Conficker Set To Strike April 1. (Posted on InformationWeek.com, March 13, 2009. http://www.informationweek.com/blog/main/archives/2009/03/no_joke_confick.html)

Conficker/Downadup Evolves To Defend Itself. (Posted on DarkReading.com, March 12, 2009 http://www.darkreading.com/security/vulnerabilities/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215900041)




Then, the next article on ESG's website is somewhat of an oddity, definitely something that sticks out of the lot here, and which I will actually treat with more detail in the next section of this article, as to not spoil the surprise.  (Even dirtier IT jobs: The muck stops here  http://www.infoworld.com/d/adventures-in-it/even-dirtier-it-jobs-muck-stops-here-002?page=0,4)




Finally, the latest breakthrough from Enigma Software Group that made it so for ESG to not only get more mediatic coverage, but also gain enough "mediatic virginity" in the light of its shady past to make it past the credibility checks of security mailing lists such as ThreatPost, as was reported at the beginning of this article : the Malware Tracker Map.


Atlanta Has Dubious Honor of Highest Malware Infection Rate.  (Posted on News.Yahoo.com, July 06, 2010  http://news.yahoo.com/s/pcworld/20100706/tc_pcworld/atlantahasdubioushonorofhighestmalwareinfectionrate)

Atlanta Has Dubious Honor of Highest Malware Infection Rate.  (Posted on PCWorld.com, July 06, 2010  http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/200555/atlanta_has_dubious_honor_of_highest_malware_infection_rate.html)


At Least 1380 Suspected Infected PC in Mauritius.  (Posted on IslandCrisis.net, June 07, 2010  http://www.islandcrisis.net/2010/06/1380-infected-pc-mauritius/)

Malware Tracker Map Gives Live Worldwide Coverage of Infected Computers.  (Posted on FastCompany.com, May 27, 2010  http://www.fastcompany.com/1653015/malware-tracker-map-gives-live-worldwide-coverage-of-infected-computers)

Malware Tracker Map – bird’s eye view of nasty software from bad people.  (Posted on RedFerret.net, May 27, 2010  http://www.redferret.net/?p=21425)





Not present on the list of articles featured on ESG's website is also the article from which this whole investigation started, originally published on HelpNetSecurity and referred two days later on the ThreatPost mailing list :


Southern Cities Have High Malware Rates. (Posted on HelpNetSecurity, June 25, 2010  http://www.net-security.org/malware_news.php?id=1385)




This means that there are possibly other articles reporting more or less on the same topic out there on the web that have simply fallen through the cracks.



What are these articles about, actually?  The first one of this series, published on RedFerret blog, is simply a post made of a two-sentences presentation of the Malware Tracker Map written by "Nigel" under a screen-capture picture of said Malware Tracker Map, along with a snippet obviously copied-and-pasted directly from Enigma's Website :








This Malware Tracker Map  gives a depressing view of the global level of suspected and confirmed malware attacks by country and region. What’s worse is the fact that it’s obviously incomplete and a fraction of the real total. What a weird world.



The ESG MalwareTracker Map shows data of malware infections collected from our diagnostic report logs of computers scanned by our SpyHunter Spyware Scanner. The data is updated daily and it displays malware trends for a 30-day period. The ESG MalwareTracker Map provides the following information: * Suspected infections: Un-confirmed cases of malware infections that may have been running on the computer. * Confirmed infections: Confirmed cases of active malware threats that have infiltrated a computer.








The next article on FastCompany is more or less of the same thing, with actually three short paragraphs of text from the author (Addy Dugdale), with whom I'd tend to mostly agree with what he says in his third and last paragraph :





(...)




There is a caveat to all of this. As the information comes solely from Enigma, it's going to be inordinately low: Imagine what the figure would be like if firms like McAfee and Symantec added their data to this--the map would be groaning beneath red-and-blue icons. Treat this as a promotional tool for Enigma, but hope that there's someone out there who's into the whole malware issue enough to adapt this into a universal tool and give us some data that is more realistic. I think it would be scary.







Things become more interesting after that, as we can see a trend growing in the following articles, which is the snow-balling effect that I was referring to earlier.  They all are more or less a recycling of some of their earlier mediatic attempts, when they had statistics showing infection rates for New-York and Alaska.  Once the same type of news piece is wrapped with the visuals of the Malware Tracker Map, it suddenly becomes a more eye-catchy piece for Enigma to get spoken about them in media outlets, especially since they actually provide a very demanded commodity, malware infection rates in some geographical areas where it was previously impossible to collect such data.  Like Mauritius, for example, as seen in the article from IslandCrisis.Net, or Eastern Québec in my case.  The remaining articles revolve around the same theme, this time focusing on the "studied observation" that cities in the Southern part of the U.S. have higher malware infection rates than their Northern counter-parts.  That last topic seems to gather enough interest from media outlets to see several articles based on that single news piece, reporting this info as reliable facts.




But let us take a small breather here and look back at what we've discovered so far, shall we?



What we're seeing here is a supposedly-legitimate company who has had more than its fair share of controversy in its history, having a long past of shady marketing tactics that are somewhat ironically very similar to those very same malware (most of them actually being Rogue Anti-Malwares) that it claims to combat.  We are talking of a company who up until very recently had very little peer-credibility, and which was made highly public on the net.  We're talking of a business that despite complying to some very basic guidelines provided kindly by forum users, didn't fundamentally change it's business model that seems to be based at least partly on deception, and which the customer base seems to be part of the most gullible portion of the population at large (as Alvin Estevez quotes : his customers don't like to read!).  And finally, we are talking of a company that gained most of its "mediatic credibility" thanks to the creation of a free removal tool meant for one single piece of malware.  Not that there is anything wrong with that, but in terms of impact in the industry, we're far from widely-reputed and impactful softwares like Snort, Metasploit or nmap to name a few.  What we are seeing is media outlets failing to make the proper credibility checks before giving exposure to so-called experts through their channels, based on the fact that other stories have been wrote on them in the past, notwithstanding the fact that some of these past "mediatic references" as actually as thin as paper.  So, basically, what we are actually seeing, in my opinion, is a group of possible online scam artists managing to gain visibility and credibility to the masses at large via the means of cleverly social-engineering major media outlets of the web, papers and even television.




Note here that I used verbs like "seem" and adjectives like "possible" in that last paragraphs.  After all, there IS a possibility that ESG is indeed trying its darnedest to do business legitimately, but are just doing a very poor job of it.  But my point here is that at the light of everything that's been dug out so far, any self-conscious journalist who actually goes through the trouble of doing a few simple Google searches to verify the credibility of a source he considers for one of his articles would, or at least should, have had some concerns at this point and check in a little deeper before granting media-exposure to such an organization.  I, personally and given ESG's past doubtful ways of doing marketing, have issues concerning the validity of the data presented on the Malware Tracker Map, and by extension, the validity of any news story based on interpretations of that data.  I will cover these issues in more details a bit later.




But for now, let me be the Devil's Advocate here and pretend that there is nothing fundamentally flawed in ESG's marketing and web presence, let's pretend that the company is now acting in such an ethical way that its past problems can now be easily forgotten and forgiven without giving it any other second thought, and let's pretend that the company's contribution to the security community and industry has been significant enough to be referred to as being an expert in the security field, one upon which a media outlet can rely to produce a reliable and credible news article.  In short, let's pretend that all that I have pointed out so far as "sticking out" doesn't really matter and doesn't properly reflect the company's current state, and that these media outlets were "in the right" when they granted access to their channels to ESG and its representatives. 



Let's pretend that there is no reason to be concerned so far with what I exposed from ESG passing through the credibility checks of some of the biggest media outlets out there...



Then, let's have a closer look at the actual people behind ESG's operations, just to see what else these medias may have missed.









Background check of ESG's "core staff"



Following my findings about Enigma Software Group as a corporate entity, I decided to take a closer look at some of the individuals actually behind this operation.  After all, the company did claim in 2007 that it wanted to prove the legitimacy of their business, saying that it had learned from its errors made in the past.  Now, a corporate entity being just that, it's hard to evaluate the credibility of such claims by being outside the walls of said corporate entity.  Thus, it seemed logical from this perspective to see if I could dig some extra info on some of the people who spoke publicly on behalf of ESG.  My focus came down to 4 people in particular : Alvin Estevez himself (CEO), Alessandro Malaspina (CTO), Patrick Morganelli (Senior VP Technology) and Kristopher Dukes (status unclear).




So, I fired up my trusty Firefox and launched a few more searches on those names.  Here's what I found.


Alvin Estevez :



We've covered in part the colorful personality of Alvin Estevez earlier already when we saw in the forum thread of 2007 some highly distinctive traits of how he does not seem to grasp even some of the most e-marketing netiquette and ethical business practices, delving at times in the realm of conspiracy theories of coordinated smearing campaigns targeted at his product and company, amongst other things.



I think that at this point, it is worthwhile to take a look at his own profile on business-oriented social-networking sites like Linked-In and Spoke.com.





Alvin Estevez's Biography



Alvin Estevez, Chief Executive Officer and President Mr. Estevez is a co-founder of Enigma and currently serves as CEO, President and Director and has held such positions since 1999. Under Mr. Estevez's leadership Enigma has evolved from a "bootstrap" startup to a publicly traded company with customers all over the world. During Enigma's period of growth, Enigma did not raise capital but was financed entirely from its own cash flow. Mr. Estevez's management style is a unique balance of providing value to the customer, practicing strict financial discipline, and building strong relationships with employees, partners, and vendors. Prior to co-founding the Company, Mr. Estevez was a Senior Systems Integrator at the defense contractor Northrop Grumman.





Alvin Estevez's Job History


Join to view all



    *

      Enigma Software Group

      2006

          o Chief Operating Officer (since 2006)

          o Chief Executive Officer and President (since 2005)


          o Co-Founder (since 2005)

          o Director (since 2005)









Now, it is interesting to see that he is since 2006 the co-founder of a company that started its operations in 1999, and that he's been involved with it since the beginning.  I don't know quite well what this actually means, but just like so many other things about Alvin, I thought that it was worthy of mention.  It is also interesting to note that the business address for ESG listed on these two sites is located... in New York!  Seems to me that they are changing locations quite a lot.




There isn't that much more interesting information on these two pages, however.  What is actually interesting about Estevez, is when he goes public, like in the following excerpts from the same thread we looked at earlier.  Mind you, this all happened AFTER Alvin apparently understood the error of his previous ways, the point at which I stopped my reporting of that thread in the earlier section of this article :



Alvin Estevez : The issue of the affiliates.... we will correct this issue... we got the point.




I assure all of you any person working for Enigma... Employee or Affiliate will identify themselves as members of Enigma and will be actively contributing... as Eric, Jane, and TeMrc suggested. We have a lot of cleaning up to do. I understand what the issues are... I never understood how serious and pationate forum folks really are! Smile



What I am looking for is cooperation from your community.









.... I will find the balance between business driven performance (sell, sell sell) and good ethics...... And keep the sales guys in check....




A good product will be a good start, and enforcing the law with my loyal affiliates.....



I need the middle road!









My app is a good app..... It is very adaptive... even if many spyware components are not detected in the first scan..... The user has a "one-button-support-log" feature to report the components to us. We then add the missing pieces and remove the parasite.... We are working to make the product better.




Is ok if you guys are critical..... Our product is a clean product.



We will make many changes based on what you folks suggested, within commercial reason.



I am going to be honest with you all. We are a business... We are in it to make money... like any other commercial company that builds products like ours... We are not commiting any crimes or trying to defraud anybody.





We put people to work, we pay our taxes, and ultimately we want to do the right thing...



I will repeat again, I will make corrections, but it will be in the structure of a business.... We are not going to quit our jobs and become volunteers.... I do not think our shareholders, employees, families, and paid customers would appreciate this.






Another thing you should know, the type of people who go to your forums are not the people who are our customers.



Our customer are people who want direct support when they want it. They pay us, not so much for the Spyhunter. They pay us for the one-on-one support. That is really our bread and butter. That is the crucial piece you are all missing about us.



Also, If we were providing a bad business.... We would off been out of business years ago.



I wish you knew the number of happy recurring customers we have, and how we resolve their issues. Most are small firms who want paid support.







If we want to put out informative articles, you are saying we cannot do it?



If you read Eric's and Bob's earlier posts they said there is no problem, as long as they are either news-worthy and informative to the joe-end-user-community. What if I give the end-user the full manual instructions in steps and even the proper techniques of the parasite waves. Is that an issue?



We would like to publish quality articles in digg and other news sources. You are saying we cannot? Please clarify........



Even "RubberDucky" said we can join their forums provided we are good contributors.




Eric suggested to give out some free tools to contribute long with instructions ..... and that yes... we can post... reguardless whether we are a commercial group........



And yes we want to put our product in the news stories. Again, is that wrong?











Just like there are many things I do not understand about your world.



Understand this about mine.... There are people who do not read forums.....





There are people who want to pay. They want somebody to be on their beck and call.....



They do not want to read.. they do not want to know anything... They want to pay to make to their problem go away.



just like the real world... Some people are do it yourself types... some people want the one-on-one direct service.






Why do you call a plummer?



It is easy to goto Home Depot, buy the part, and fix it yourself if you read an article on how to fix your sink......



My company caters to those who want to pay, and want service.



We get over 5,000 tickets a day.... for issues above and beyond spyware.... We even have custom fixes for viruses ......





There is a lot about us you do not know from our customer side.



I would love to post all the thank you letters from our customers on my site.




There is a lot of techniques and features we did not share with your community because we are a business and we want to protect our edge. However, I think we can gain a lot of goodwill if we do.



I think the best part is. We do not have a conflict of interest sharing things with you.



We are dealing with different people.





If you read other posts I posted here.... I said, most of my paid customers have other people's products.... They paid us to manually remove the parasite.



I assure you business is very compeditive, if we were not doing the right thing by our customers... We would not be alive today! It is that simple.




I think anybody looking for free support should goto you... it takes all types... Again, we have no conflict.. This is why we can co-exist....







TeMerc,



You are not a fool for repeating yourself.... You are educating me...... and I thank you for that….. We are both trying to help people in our own corners….




AND I REALLY WANT TO UNDERSTAND.............



http://www.spyware-escape.com/how-to-surf-the-internet-safe/



This is an editorial opinion of this affiliate... Giving folks tips...... You say it is SPAM with no specific details as to why?



Is it spamming because he is referencing a commercial product?



What if he was not referencing Spyhunter, regardless of his frequency? How is it SPAM then?



Let’s say it was Enigma itself ... and I wanted to post 1000 articles a month, because I want to give tips and solutions to users on the web.... So frequency would be an issue then on digg?




TeMerc or Jane….. Is it a violation of Digg’s policy? Is it the quality of the article? Is it because the article has a download link to Spyhunter? Is it because this individual posts too much?










Quote:


When the articles are for the sole purpose of peddling a program (free or otherwise), it's spam ...... plain and simple





Wow!



Does everybody agree with this?



Wow!



Now I am really confused Confused






Eric, can you offer some guidance here? I feel I am back to square 1.........





Let me be straight.....



Let's say a new parasite comes out.... Xupiter 2.....



I put out a news release, I wrote a dig article, and contributed to some popular forums.



I literally put the exact instructions on how to remove it, and it happens I offer my product download as an alternative.



You mean to tell me… I cannot do it even if I give the product away for free ?




The entire contents of this article will be based on facts on how to remove the parasite, and the product will be clearly marked as an alternative.










Alvin Estevez :


paperghost wrote:

As someone who has quite possibly had more front page stories on digg.com than anyone else on the planet, I'd like to offer my thoughts on the whole digg thing - i hope you'll accept what i have to say as coming from someone who knows what works and what doesn't on digg.



let's cut right to the chase - aside from anything in the TOS, nobody that uses digg, or netvine, or slashdot, or any other site where lots of people comment on stuff, appreciates (or will likely vote for) an article that has a bit of textfluff then says "also, heres a download, lol". they will probably want to set the article on fire on dance on the body. why?



spyware-escape.com/how-to-surf-the-internet-safe




1) the article sucks. its crude, its basic, it doesn't say anything remotely new and / or interesting - in short, on digg it is not going to go anywhere apart from in the "no votes" pile, because people will click the link, look at it, then close the browser and go elsewhere. no "article" like the one on that site has ever, ever, ever reached the frontpage.



that alone should tell you what does (and doesn't) work on digg.



2) combine that with a big "download an automatic spyware scan tool" notice halfway down the page, and the users that go there will see it, and violently reject its entire reason for existing on the basis that its purely there to sell someone something.




this sort of thing not liked by digg users, especially after the "diggswarm" voting scandal from last year.



put simply, its spam submitted to digg with the intention of someone downloading a program and then paying for it.



you can dress that up however you want, but in its current format it. is. spam.



even if you go to the digg TOS and ferret out some loophole that allows you to post the same article in such a way that it wouldn't be classed as spam, it wouldn't matter because the editorial control is in the hands of the users and more often than not, that final safeguard is there to override the TOS when the TOS fails to do its job effectively.









Excellent explanation!!!!!!



Can you show me one article from dig …. Speaking about a particular threat… Let’s say Spylocked….. That that was written by an anti-spyware commercial company…. That would not be considered spam?









Suzi (Site Admin) : I think you are mistaken on your interpretation of that thread at Cnet. I don't see any vendors pushing their own products there.



There are some sponsored ads at the bottom of the page, clearly marked as ads.



The replies in that thread are from regular users. I see RogueRemover is mentioned but RogueRemover has a free version that actually removes malware.



There are some links to Bleeping Computer -- a tutorial that does not promote any commercial applications. I see a link to information about SpyLocked on the Sunbelt website, but not a link to download anything there.



I don't know where you are seeing "companies linking there over and over". I see users, some asking for help, and people offering information.










Alvin Estevez : I think that sounds like a broken record....



I think something stinks here!!!



Too many forum admins linking a paid service!!!!




Acting alone.... Who is to say.... What is really going on!!! I cannot see from here......



I have no real proof... and I am making an assumption... I am sure there are many good clean folks here who trully want to help people. But, I do not buy you are all as clean as you claim to be.....



I will do all the things I said I was going to do.......



But, I will connect the dots.......



Seems all these admins all know each other....



That they speak for themselves.... I do not know?????






It is too convinient, that the admins are pushing the same link so many times!!!






The thread was officially closed shortly after that for "entering into Kool-Aid territory", as Alvin's paranoid tendencies can be clearly seen in these closing words of his.  Now, mind you, all snippets taken from this thread are but only a portion of the whole thing, and I chose only the most demonstrative parts of it.



OK, so Alvin Estevez has a very poor understanding of proper internet marketing practices in the field of computer security products.  Maybe he is more of a techie, and not so much of a business suit, learning the hard way of the corporate antics?  Well, I considered that as a possibility until I fell on that other blog post and ensuing thread on certifiedbug.com about whether or not ESG's website had been spoofed (http://certifiedbug.com/blog/2008/05/21/enigmasoftware-payday-loan/) :








Enigma software, have they been spoofed


by certifiedbug on May 21, 2008





I have no doubt there will be more to follow… Stay tuned.






























{ 22 comments }





1 Enigma Software Group USA, LLC May 22, 2008 at 12:41 pm



    You are spreading false rumors on your site



    This image is a fake that was made with the sole intent to damage our reputation.



   




2 Enigma Software Group USA, LLC May 22, 2008 at 12:45 pm




    Enigma is not in the credit business and Enigma has not been spoofed, and there are false statements and images on this webpage http://certifiedbug.com/blog/2008/05/21/enigmasoftware-payday-loan/. There are images suggesting to readers of your site that our web site and servers have been compromised. And that our software is scanning for bad credit and offering pay day loans. The image suggesting that SpyHunter will scan the Entire computer to detect negative credit is a fake image. It was never on our servers.



    Fake Image URL: http://certifiedbug.com/blog/wp-content/enigmasoftware4.png



    As far as the URL and title referenced in the article. Our pages are dynamically generated, where you can pass parameters and the page will have the title and other keywords based on the querystring keyword or phrase passthrought it. For example, in the page you are describing http://www.enigmasoftware.com/spyhunter_more_info.php?n=?n=xxxx will change the content inside the title tags xxxx. This is a common practice in most dynmaically generated content on most content management systems.




    Someone created an account on a china expatriate forum that made only one post with a link on this page http://www.alloexpat.com/china_expat_forum/member56188.html to a non-existent page on our server which was then dynamically generated. The page, which subsequently showed up in Google. Has text relating to Payday Loans.



    This whole situation then became blown out of proportion with someone under the alias of JeanInMontana making accusations that we are using data that we collect for phishing and Spam. These accusations are false and entirely basesless.



    Enigma Software Group USA, LLC is not in the loan business.





3 certifiedbug May 22, 2008 at 1:16 pm



        “You are spreading false rumors on your site



        This image is a fake that was made with the sole intent to damage our reputation.”



    On the contrary, this site was spammed with links to the site from which I took the screenshots yesterday.




    Which is why I wondered if the site had been spoofed.



    I see the exact same links now redirect to a legitimate page.




4 ShadowPuterDude May 22, 2008 at 1:19 pm



    Google is your friend

    hxxp://www.google.com/search?hl=enamp q=%22


    Scan+your+entire+computer+to+detect+negative+credit+

    -+Payday+loan&btnG=Search



    Sorry, Enigma Software Group USA, LLC; but the fact is your page did say that until recently.




5 Steven May 22, 2008 at 1:23 pm



    Trust me, you don’t need us to damage your reputation – ESG do that all by themselves ……..




    And nope, the image is NOT a fake …… many of us witnessed the same thing. All you have done, to prevent this being seen, is fix the bug in your site, that allowed script injection.



(...)




7 Enigma Software Group USA, LLC May 22, 2008 at 2:39 pm



    You are correct the page was there. It was simply what we had previously stated




    Enigma landing pages are dynamically generated, where you can pass parameters and the page will have the title and other keywords based on the querystring keyword or phrase passed through to it. For example, in the page you are describing http://www.enigmasoftware.com/spyhunter_more_info.php?n=xxxx will change the content inside the title tags xxxx. This is a common practice in most dynmaically generated content on most content management systems.



    Someone started spamming links on sites such as china expatriate forum (http://www.alloexpat.com/china_expat_forum/member56188.html ) to an invalid URL on our server which was then dynamically generated. The page, which subsequently showed up in Google had text relating to Payday Loans. This is not our business and never was nor are we interested in it.







9 Alvin Estevez May 22, 2008 at 2:55 pm



    ShadowPuterDude,



    “Sorry, Enigma Software Group USA, LLC; but the fact is your page did say that until recently.”



    The bottom-line:



    As I stated before, that page had a parameter that was exploited by that forum poster who linked to the page knowing that the page will display on the title and the body whatever he or she wanted to display.




    By no means that was a server level spoof. That was simply exploiting the known (n=…) querystring to manipulate the page.



    We have no interest in the credit or loan business….



    Anybody could have exploited that link into anything they wanted to exploited for…. We have corrected the problem as soon as my technical team became aware that they were doing it.





10 Alvin Estevez May 22, 2008 at 3:01 pm



    Certifiedbug , we will investigate who is this forum spammer who has it in for us.. He or she will not be able to exploit that querystring anymore. We are exploring our options with our legal counsel.








16 ShadowPuterDude May 22, 2008 at 4:16 pm



    Alvin,




    I am quite familiar with Content Management Systems and dynamically generated web pages.



    Some person or persons have taken advantage of a vulnerability in your software and exploited it. You have since corrected the vulnerability to prevent code injection.



    That doesn’t change the fact that some one from your company falsely accused certifiedbug of posting fake images and spreading false rumors. Those pages did exist, with the content displayed; as posted in the article. I’ve seen them, 4 pages, including spyhunter_more_info.php.



    Be thankful that the malicious redirect,was ineffective. I’ve been to the redirect, to investigate. I won’t discuss the particulars of the attempted exploit in an open discussion that anyone, including the perpetrators, can view.







18 Alvin Estevez May 22, 2008 at 4:53 pm



    ShadowPuterDude,



    “Some person or persons have taken advantage of a vulnerability in your software and exploited it.”



    It was not my “Software” that was exploited, it was simply the page or pages to be exact.




    Alvin









Now, what struck the most odd at me first when reading this thread was how nonchalantly Alvin Estevez was apparently brushing off the issue of his server being exploited, more concerned about rumors spreading about ESG becoming a loan and financing company rather than the impact of ESG's reputation as a computer security company after their webserver falling to such a common exploit as a cross-site scripting attempt!  Notice how he uses twice the word "simply" to address this situation.  We can also clearly see Alvin's paranoid and aggressive tendencies in this bit also, immediately jumping at the gun to shoot the messenger and right off accusing the people at certifiedbug.com to be behind this whole incident, whereas they were simply reporting it, and then completely avoiding the issue when being pointed out to him.




This must be how Alvin "builds strong relationships with employees, partners, and vendors", as he puts it himself in his LinkedIn profile.



In my eyes, Alvin Estevez has very little, if at all, credibility in the field of computer security.




Alessandro (Alec) Malaspina



Enigma's Chief Technology Officer Alessandro Malaspina is the person who appeared with Nina Estevez in that cable-TV clip we saw earlier.  I was curious to see what I would find out about him when I started googling his name, and much to my deception, I didn't find that much "dirt" on him.  An actual look at his resume (http://www.alecmalaspina.com/resume.htm) shows that he does indeed seem to have some credible technical background.  But let's focus on the parts that are actually relevant to our study of Enigma Software Group.




PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE



Enigma Software Group, Inc., New York, NY

January 2004 – Present




Technical Support and Internal Systems Director



Manage all operations related to Technical Support, Software QA and Internet Research for software development. Optimized customer helpdesk and improved customer relationship.



* Reconstructed technical support department and enhanced ticket answering methods improving customer support assistance by over 300%.

* Successfully introduced, implemented and manage international customer support centers, operating remotely within the US and decreasing the internal employee cost by 70%.

* Established new internet researching methods doubling the speed of software upgrades.








I joined Enigma Software Group in January 2004.



Enigma was going through a process of expansion and I was initially hired for the position of Technical Support Manager with the mission of re-organizing the Customer Support Department.

They were facing a bad situation where the department was disorganized and had no team work at all. They had 10 support technicians and they were barely able to answer 500 trouble tickets a week.



Analyzing the structure of the department, troubleshooting the common mistakes and areas where the employees were struggling on their tasks, redesigning the ticketing system and re-training technicians, I accomplished in period of 3 months a mark of 100 trouble tickets answered per technical support agent per day. Enigma was able to reduce the number of technical support agents to 5 and still accomplish the mark of 500 trouble tickets answered per day.




After my accomplishments in the Customer Support Department, I was given the task to analyze and re-organize the marketing and development departments. (...)







At first sight, these seemed like very optimistic numbers to me, but then again, maybe these numbers are genuine as well.  On a typical 8-hours workday, each technical support agent would be answering and resolving tickets at an average pace of one ticket each 5 minutes.  This may not be impossible, but still makes me wonder on the stress levels of these agents at the end of a typical week, especially considering that computer security and malware infections isn't as trivial as Alvin Estevez would like to make it look like at times.  But without further clues on this one, I have but no choice but to give the benefit of the doubt to Malaspina.



However, I am not sure I can say the same of Alvin Estevez when, in that forum thread from 2007, he says :






We get over 5,000 tickets a day.... for issues above and beyond spyware.... We even have custom fixes for viruses ......





There is a lot about us you do not know from our customer side.



I would love to post all the thank you letters from our customers on my site.







If I was worried of the stress level of ESG'S 5 customer support agents with a volume of 500 tickets per day, what should I think when Alvin mentions that they are actually dealing with 10 times more volume?



I also wonder what actually prevents Alvin from publishing all the "thank you letters" he receives from his customers.  I am sure, however, that they are not the same people who posts their impressions of ESG and its software on ComplaintsBoard.com (http://www.complaintsboard.com/?search=SpyHunter&sort=date&everything=everything&page=1).




One could assume that between the time Malaspina wrote his resume on his website and that forum thread from 2007, SpyHunter's sales skyrocketed, resulting in higher volumes of trouble tickets, and in return, the hiring of additional agents.  That could almost be a valid argument, if it weren't for that snippet I found from a Registration Statement (Form SB-2/A ) filed in at the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 26th 2007 (http://google.brand.edgar-online.com/EFX_dll/EDGARpro.dll?FetchFilingHTML1?ID=5056087&SessionID=SNHoHeDu1Wnqz77) :





(...)




Enigma has derived most of its revenue to date from SpyHunter license fees, including subscriptions for updates and customer service. Users are able to download trial versions of Enigma’s products from its various websites and then can decide whether to purchase fully licensed versions over the Internet via credit card. Users who purchase the fully licensed version pay a fee of $29.99, download the product to their computer and are then entitled to receive support and regular updates for 6 months from the date of purchase.



The Company has incurred significant operating expenditures in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, and we continue to incur such expenditures in 2007. In addition, SpyHunter Series 1 experienced a sustained, substantial decline in product sales volume during the year ended December 31, 2004. License revenues from SpyHunter 2.0, which was introduced in late January 2005, never attained the levels experienced by SpyHunter Series 1 in its product life cycle, and neither has SpyHunter 2.7, which was introduced in May 2006, nor has SpyHunter 2.8, which was introduced in October 2006. Consequently sales are expected to continue to decline as compared to 2003 and early 2004. It is possible that the revenue from new license sales of SpyHunter could be phased out completely during 2007 or 2008.



The Company was founded by Colorado Stark and Alvin Estevez with the philosophy that software applications should be as simple to operate as a Fisher-Price toy; the products have to be good, and must address the widest possible market. For that reason, each of Enigma’s software applications is designed to be highly effective, yet extremely easy to use.



(...)






Far from skyrocketing sales, the company almost predicts that sales are expected to die (phase out?) in 2007 or 2008.  The numbers simply don't add up, and given the ten-fold discrepancy between Malaspina's and Estevez's numbers, I think it is clear here that someone is lying...  or at the very least bending the truth a little.




I do find it amusing, however, that ESG's conception of something as complex as computer security can be compared to a Fisher-Price toy.  This is a huge contrast compared to anyone else in the industry who outlines regularly the complexity of the various problems involved in info-sec.  This, in my eye, also hinders their credibility as a company.




Patrick Morganelli



Patrick Morganelli is listed on LinkedIn as ESG's Senior Vice President, Technology since 2003.  No other previous job experiences are listed on his public profile.  The reason why I got interested in Morganelli's case is because he was ESG's spokesperson in the article "Even dirtier IT jobs: The muck stops here"  (http://www.infoworld.com/d/adventures-in-it/even-dirtier-it-jobs-muck-stops-here-002?page=0,4), which I mentioned earlier without revealing too much details about it.  This article is a follow-up on a previous piece titled "Dirty IT jobs", and focuses on the less-glamorous parts of being an I.-T. expert.  The dirty job in question here being that of the fearless malware hunter.




Dirty IT job No. 5: Fearless malware hunter

Wanted: Go-getter with inquisitive nature and a high tolerance for gore, sleaze, and the baser instincts of humanity.



Hunting malware means crawling the deepest, darkest, nastiest corners of the Web, because that's where the bad stuff usually congregates -- such as drive-by installs on porn and warez sites, says Patrick Morganelli, senior vice president of technology for anti-malware vendor Enigma Software.



"Due to the nature of the sites we need to monitor, one of our first questions in any job interview here is, 'Would you mind viewing the most offensive pornography you've ever seen in your life?' Because that's what a lot of malware research entails."




Even employees not actively involved in malware research can encounter deep nastiness, he says. One time an employee merely passed by a support technician's display while the tech was remotely logged in to a customer's PC. What the employee saw on the tech's screen was so disturbing that he quit shortly thereafter.



"It can definitely wear on people," Morganelli says. "The amount of filth you need to go through on a daily basis just to do your job can be pretty trying, and much of it is extremely disturbing -- bestiality and worse. But there's no way to fight this stuff unless you go out and actively collect it."






So, for Morganelli, malware is tightly related to the most disturbing porn sites out there on the web, almost implying that those people who do get infected by malware are actually lust-filled sexually-deviant people(!).  This highly contrasts with the second part of this "job coverage" in this article as the quotes comes from the much more reputable malware specialist Andrew Brandt, from Webroot.




Andrew Brandt, a malware researcher and blogger for security software vendor Webroot (and InfoWorld chronicler of IT admin gaffes, stupid hacker tricks, and colossal QA oversights), says he was warned before he took the job that he'd see porn that would turn his stomach. But he says he sees less malware distributed via porn sites and more via fake BitTorrents and game cheats sites.



"I would describe my job as rubbing a white glove on the filthy underbelly of the Net and seeing what comes off," says Brandt. "Every day I work with malware that does everything you don't want it to do -- like steal your bank account information, break your computer, or barrage you with ads -- and I do it 20, 30, 40 times a day.




"The dirtiest thing about my job is not that the malware is incredibly difficult to research or fix; it's that once the bad guys latch onto some trick they use it over and over and over. I start to crave the little differences that crop up. Still, every day I learn something new -- even if it's just 'oh my god, this is the hundredth time I've seen the exact same exploit'."






Even though not as sensationalist as Morganelli's quotes, Andrew Brandt seems to me like he is more describing what I would expect from a true malware expert than some story about some easily-shocked prude.  In all the presentations made during conferences made by independent security researchers and commercial vendors alike that I have had the chance to attend have I ever heard any one of them put such emphasis (if any!) on the prevalence of the darkest gore and porn sites as being the major platforms for malware distribution.  I'm not saying that there isn't any, just that its importance is highly exaggerated by ESG'S Morganelli, in what I perceive as an attempt at sensationalistic journalism on par with ESG's other marketing practices.






Kristopher Dukes



Now, this is quite litteraly the proverbial cherry on top of the sundae, so to speak, which finally convinced me that I was actually onto something here, and not just wasting time battling windmills.  I found out about her a little by accident, as I was searching on YouTube for video material concerning ESG.  She featured as a "product specialist" for Enigma's SpyHunter software and as a "computer virus expert" in a televised news piece broadcasted on WNBC in the wake of the Conficker worm in 2009.  Why is this video NOT present on ESG's website as part of the media references is beyond me.










I haven't found any references of Kristopher Dukes in any of the business operatives of Enigma Software Group.  Dukes is identified as the founder of anti-malware website 411-spyware.com (http://www.thesmilingpirate.com/category/antivirus-antispyware-antimalware/), which is one of ESG's affiliates domain.  Now, knowing that ESG has blamed most of its spamvertising campaigns on its affiliates in the past, coupled with the fact that ESG actually owns the affiliate domain names, one can only speculate as to the real nature of the business relationship between Dukes and ESG.  Affiliate?  Employee?  Consultant?  Unclear.  Especially that now, 411-spyware.com now redirects to fasterpccleanclean.com, still mainly operated by Kristopher Dukes, but which now seems to be pushing SpyDoctor, a competitor of ESG.





Figure 5. Kristopher Dukes blog. Is this really the same person? Yes it is.




However, 411-spyware.com isn't the first website I came upon when I googled Kristopher's name.  The first site that came up was her own personal blog (http://www.kristopherdukes.com).  Even though there is a small Tech section which mostly covers electronic gadgets like iPhones, this site is predominantly about one thing : fashion!  Up to a point where I began wondering if I was actually at the right person's website.  Her bio did nothing to convince me of the contrary :




My passions in life are writing and beauty, and combining the two in storytelling.



Which is where KristopherDukes.com comes in.



I worship beautiful things, and I love how the items of your life storytell — your taste is a taste of your lifestyle, your personality, your philosophy about living.




So what does it mean that I’m wanting obscure Swedish luggage, wearing Italian five-inch heels, and hating the latest It bag?



You decide. But I see a certain luxury in it — not in the price tag of anything, but in editing the things in your life down to what brings you pure pleasure.



And for me, that’s writing about a selection of art, style, and culture that inspires me, about discovering the sensuality in products — this isn’t about mindless materialism, but enjoying the physical expression of intelligence.




Yeah, that’s exactly how I’d describe the $400 highlights in my hair that only I notice.



XXXO,

K



* * *



When Kristopher Dukes was eight she decided she’d be a writer and by age 10 she was publishing—writing, editing, illustrating, and distributing—a muckraking magazine on playground scandals.




She moves fast.



And faster still: Kristopher co-founded a non-profit publication while she was 16 (Tyro still prints today), and between editing the high school newspaper and participating in televised press conferences for LA Youth, she was twice published in the national Teen Ink, and regularly contributed to Los Angeles biweeklies—all before she could get into rated-R movies.



When Kristopher was 20, she was published in the bestselling book series Written in the Dirt, she wrote for fashion bible WWD and she had a couple of columns with Top Button, a fashion dot-com with one of the largest subscriber bases in the business.



Now, finally old enough to legally enjoy the trendy blank-tinis that she doesn’t, Kristopher has been featured in VOGUE.fr, NY Times.com, Forbes.com, Angeleno, and named a top 10 fashion blogger by WWD.








Absolutely no mention of any involvement in anti-malware whatsoever, to a point where one has to wonder how important are her involvements in the anti-malware community in the big picture of her life.  Because don't be mistaken, it IS the very same Kristopher Dukes that we are talking about here.  I traced her back to a few blogs, where she appears to be a contributor as an article writer, namely on ThisNext.com (http://www.thisnext.com/by/KRiSTOPHERDUKES/) and BestCovery.com (http://www.bestcovery.com/user/295).



Her bio profile on BestCovery.com actually sums up best just how relevant and credible Kristopher Dukes is in the info-sec and anti-malware community at large :



Kristopher Dukes (kristopherdukes)



Location: Los Angeles, CA



About Me:

My passion in life is storytelling.  When I was in high school and college, I freelanced as a writer, covering fashion (because I loved overpriced Italian shoes) and software (because it paid for overpriced Italian shoes). When I finished school, I created two blogs: KristopherDukes.com and 411-Spyware.com.  KristopherDukes.com is a lifestyle blog about what I'm wanting, wearing, and hating, and it's been featured in VOGUE.fr and WWD as a top 10 fashion blog.  411-Spyware.com is a cybersecurity blog that shows you how to remove badware, for free.


Fashion and cybersecurity may see like very different topics, but both blogs go back to a core focus of my career --



Being able to work at home in my underwear and heels all day.






Yep!  You've read that last part right :



Fashion and cybersecurity may see like very different topics, but both blogs go back to a core focus of my career --



Being able to work at home in my underwear and heels all day.






But you don't have to take my word for it.  You don't even have to go check the linked references to verify on the original webpages that I am not actually trying to pull you, the reader, a fast one.  All you have to do is take Kristopher's own words on it :









"The Martha Stewart of Technology" (knowing that Stewart did jail time isn't too re-assuring), to "fight cyber-crime and have really exceptional hair" and comparing herself to "Mother Theresa in a mini-skirt", no less! Storytelling is definitely her strong suit.



I, for one, would not know of any single info-sec specialist, male or female, who would go to such lengths about bragging that his/her goal in life is to work from home in under-wear, as appealing as the idea may sound.




This, I think, is the final nail in the coffin of ESG's credibility.






Current posture of ESG - Failing to see the irony



As it stands today, SpyHunter isn't classified as scareware on most list anymore.  It does seem indeed that the tool is no longer reporting false infections in order to boost sales of the product, like it did for a time in the earlier part of the first decade of the millennium.  But closer inspection to the tool and especially at how it is marketed shows that SpyHunter, and the company behind it (ESG) sports several features that could be used to classify it as a rogue anti-malware, or scareware.



For instance, other than the PC Magazine review it got in which it was described as a mediocre product, I found several user reviews stating that SpyHunter either failed to detect, or even remove (once it was paid for) some of the very same pieces of malware it claims to be removing through its advertising.  In the light of this, maybe that SpyHunter doesn't classify as a malware in itself, but in my opinion it easily ranks as Snake-Oil software, and thus something I'd hardly recommend to anyone.  But whether or not Spyhunter is a fraudulent software is beyond the issue here, as it is ESG's marketing practices that are borderline fraudulent, and which poses the serious question as to whether or not the large media outlets do the proper background checking on their sources before citing them in interview pieces and articles.




Why am I saying that ESG's marketing practices are still at the very least "borderline" fraudulent as of today?  Well, mostly because most of their marketing is based on a set of "affiliate" websites that appear to be independent of ESG, but are in reality created for the sole purpose of pushing ESG's products, trying to mimic what is being made in other legitimate websites and forums, in order to create a cloak of false credibility around their product SpyHunter in hopes to convince websurfers to click the download link to their tool.  The big problem here being that these sites try to make believe that they are independent when in fact they are not, which is a deceiving tactic that could easily be classified as false representation.  On top of that, this is one of the actual tactics used by scareware authors to lure users into trusting their tool, by providing them with a simulacrum of "peer review" that couldn't be obtained otherwise.





Figure 6. Enigma Software Group Logo. Notice how similar it is with SpywareRemove's logo.





Figure 7. SpywareRemove.com's main page. Notice how small is the SpyHunter label compared to the mention of a "Spyware Scan".





Figure 8. The download button included into SpywareRemove.com's articles is more clear, however.





Figure 9. Anti-Spyware-101.com main page. Here too, more emphasis on the "Spyware Scanner" than on the brand name of SpyHunter.






Figure 10. Here too it gets more clear once you see the download button embedded into the articles.




Then, there is the whole marketing based on the publishing of articles on these sites (as well as others, which was the source of the spamvertising complaints of 2007), which consists of the same articles being recycled over and over on each of these affiliate sites.  Other than being very short and little informative, these articles also bug me in the sense that this seems a very strange marketing strategy to me in the light of the current known malware propagation rates, which are hovering around the 1 500 000 mark of new pieces of malware found each month.  Seems to me that such a marketing effort will only have as much success as the infection rates of the specific pieces of malware covered in these articles, which is more than hit-and-miss considering the daily volume of known new malware.  Unless, of course, that you're also coordinating in some way the propagation of said pieces of malware, knowing that the people getting infected with it will find your pages when looked up in search engines, thus ensuring a constant flow of new visitors to your relatively unknown and poor reputable product.  That, in a sense, is not that different from the strategy behind the MonaRonadona scareware scam (http://www.securelist.com/en/blog/208187485/MonaRonaDona_malware and http://www.prevx.com/blog/82/MonaRonaDona--We-might-be-in-the-AV-industry-but-at-least-we-arent-STUPID.html).  I am not saying that this is actually the case, as I haven't pushed my investigations that far, but in the light of ESG's past practices and the elasticity of their ethical principles, we are justified to have a reasonable doubt on the issue.





Figure 11. PCthreat.com main page. Cool little Lego guys. Here, it is clear the link is about SpyHunter, and not some other scanner.





Figure 12. It is MUCH less clearer in the download link contained inside their articles. And yes, this will download SpyHunter. I tried it, just to be sure.




The same logic applies to the video advertisements they made for the web, like this one, for example, which lays it rather thick on the F.U.D. and drama, a known favorite selling vector for snake-oil vendors :









I do find utterly funny the voice-over edit towards the end, which sounds just like the parody of a crooked advertisement taken right out of a Simpsons episode.  They also produced a series of other such small videos, this time with the same philosophy than with the articles in mind : recycling and getting exposure based on very specific pieces of malware.  In this case, VirusBurst :










Less dramatic and more demonstrative, a similar video about AntiVirGear quickly shows the futility and redundancy of such video productions.  Scanning a system for malware is much akin in terms of entertainment as watching a software install, and most people will agree that once you've seen a progress bar make it's progression to 100%, you've seen them all.









And these are just a sample of more similar videos.  The final thing that likens SpyHunter to other scarewares so much is the fact that it claims that a free trial is available, while in fact it's only the scanning that is free.  You have to pay to remove any found item flagged as potentially malicious.  This just isn't quite the same thing as a, say, fully-featured trial period of 30 days, which is something commonly seen.  Seeing that SpyHunter makes no discrimination between a rogue anti-malware and a simple cookie, what you thought started out as a "free trial" quickly ends up with software asking you to shelve out some money to get rid of a couple of harmless cookies.  Knowing that ESG targets "people who don't like to read", and that there's no e-mail on their website to even direct a simple question, it's easy to see that the most gullible portion of the population exposed to SpyHunter may actually panic and fall for the trick.




But the irony doesn't stop there.  At first, the new "SpyHunter's Helpdesk Service" they now offer to the paying customers came to me as yet another sign of SpyHunter being Snake Oil software.  If the software is as good as it's author claims it to be, then there wouldn't be such an emphasis put on that support service, and its ability to create custom fixes "just for your computer", which sounds like a bogus claim at best.  I later found out reports from users who mentioned trying to call this support helpdesk, only to get no answer or to get rudely hung up upon.  Which brings back questions about the legitimacy of the whole thing.




It turns out that ESG seems to be pretty proud of this support service, and don't hesitate to push it a lot publicly, as could be seen in some of Alvin's previously quoted comments, or in this newer advertisement for SpyHunter 4 :









The ad looks actually pretty cool, compared to their previous attempts.  But at this point, it'll take more than a low-toned male voice and a snazzy graphical presentation wrapped up into a nifty little video to convince me into trusting this company or their product.  The sole idea of one of their technicians taking remote control of my PC to fix a malware infection sends shivers down my spine.  The true irony of it all is when I actually noticed (very late might I add, given the amount of stuff I dug out during the course of this investigation) the following article on Enigma's own main webpage,  "Beware: Rogue Anti-Virus/Anti-Spyware Programs Offer ‘Real’ Live Chat Support" :






 Have you ever spoken to the support department of a fake antivirus/antispyware program? Probably not because there was never such a thing until recently.



Could it be that the fake program is not working out all that great and you felt the need to contact the support department but were unsuccessful in doing so? That may have been the case in the past but recently the creators of some rogue anti-spyware and rogue anti-virus applications offer “real” live tech support with their so-called security products.




Some rogue applications are now offering support through a live human being. Usually this type of support is communicated through a live chat window. Live PC Care was one application that offered this type of online support which swindles computer users into purchasing the full Live PC Care program. We also became aware of another rogue anti-spyware program, Security Master AV, that offers this same type of “online support” via a live chat text window. Security Master AV is a dangerous and fake security program that is known to spread through Trojans and malicious websites. Upon installation and running Security Master AV, you may notice within the interface an “Online Support” button in the upper right-hand corner shown in Figure 1.





Figure 1. Rogue anti-spyware program Security Master AV “online support” button.

security master av online support button




By clicking on the “Online Support” button a user is prompted with a “Live Chat” window where they are able to chat with a real person, not a computer bot. There is also an option for users who have a difficult time with English, which was brought to our attention on a blog post by Kaspersky (home computer security vendor) Lab Expert, Nicolas Brulez. In this post, he concluded that users who speak a different language are given an option to email someone in their native language in order to get a response to a support question.



Not only are the makers of rogue security applications offering a mockup live support feature, but it seems they are outsourcing individuals to fill the “Live Chat” representative slots. This goes to show that rogue makers are still making a large enough profit to pay individuals to do this, which in return gains the trust of gullible computer users who may download, install and purchase the rogue antivirus programs.



Have you’ve had a “live chat” with a representative from a rogue anti-spyware/anti-virus program? I’m sure that if you ask them for a refund, you probably will not get a reply :)








Now, tell me, dear reader, how is one supposed to tell Enigma Software Group and its product SpyHunter apart from the "confirmed" rogue anti-malware out there in the wild?  Given the marked differences between trusted vendors marketing practices and that of ESG, I would tend to say that this is a very blurry line indeed.








Conclusion




To finish this article properly, I feel the need to remind the reader what is the topic actually discussed here : the manipulation of mass medias through social engineering techniques by unscrupulous marketers (the very same kind of which they want to protect you from) in order for them to gain market exposure and street credibility that couldn't be obtained otherwise.  In short, to give them free publicity and a renewed virginity in terms of credibility perception despite its shady past (and one could also add the present).  Whether or not ESG is truly a legitimate company or actually fraudulent scammers is beyond the scope of this article.  This doesn't change the fact that the company, and its representatives, have a huge credibility deficit, and the reason I focused on ESG throughout this article is because of the media coverage they managed to gain in recent years, being cited as a credible source to the point where news clips about ESG makes it onto security mailing lists without raising any alarm bell, and that despite of this huge credibility deficit that I exposed throughout this paper.



This issue is a serious issue.  The press is often being referred to as The Fourth Estate, due to the counter-balance of power the independent press represents in face of the three official branches of the official government.  As such, the members of the press have a huge responsibility in front of their readership to double-check their sources and stories before releasing them to the public.  Especially in this era of mergers and acquisitions, it is more important than ever for these news media sources to fulfill these responsibilities to their fullest extent, because as the diversity of commercially-independent sources thins out, whatever comes out of the few large media corporations that remains do spread around with a magnified significance as it gets exposed to more and more eyeballs through the various smaller media outlets all belonging to the same corporation.




Unfortunately, the mergers and acquisitions in the media industry are more driven by financial gain and economic considerations rather than the research of truth for greater being of the community.  As a result, a phenomenon dubbed "journalistic laziness" has appeared, and which refers not as much as the unwillingness of journalists to properly be motivated to do their job correctly (although in some extreme cases it may actually be the case), but rather to the shortcuts most of them have been forced to do while performing their jobs due to time-constraints and cost-reduction measures, most of them actually induced by the merger spree than began in the early 2000's.  One of the best example of symptoms of this "journalistic laziness" phenomenon would be the Jayson Blair scandal (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayson_Blair) who managed to get many plagiarized and made-up stories in the pages of the New York Times before finally being caught for it in 2003.



But the issue at hand here isn't one of plagiarism or fake articles written with a fraudulent purpose in mind.  The issue is how, in today's fast-paced journalistic environment, the medias collectively failed to make the proper checks on a more than dubious software vendor before granting them space in their columns or on their airwaves, most probably each time making the bet that these checks have been made previously by the authors of earlier articles; and how a software vendor of dubious repute such as Enigma Software Group managed to get a snow-ball effect of mediatic coverage through the means of very simple social engineering tricks : cleaning up of their website of the most misleading parts (like "free scanner" instead of "free removal tool", executable filename properly identifying SpyHunter), a slightly more subtle approach at spamvertising, the public release of a single free tool which removes one single piece of malware (Conficker Removal Tool) and the splattering of their sales data onto a Google Map API, and ultimately giving the news outlets what they want, which is relatively fresh and/or relevant news pieces to fill the blank space/dead air.




Because here lies the main problem I now see with the Malware Tracker Map : notwithstanding how much I like the idea and how useful I think it is to the community, and despite of the most obvious flaw that the data presented is only a small fragment of the reality (which would be the case if any other single vendor would produce a similar web service), now that I know how that data has been gathered and more importantly by who, knowing their past practices and their relatively flexible ethics, I have every reason in the world to start doubting the validity of the numbers presented on this malware tracker map.  Is the number a factual number of infections genuinely detected by SpyHunter?  Or is it actually a reflection of the downloaded install-base, whether it is paid for or not?  Is the detection of cookies counted as "malware infections", and thus also reflected in these numbers?  In the light of all that I have covered in this article, these (and possibly more) are all legitimate questions to ask about this malware tracker map.



And if these numbers are unreliable, then all the news articles derived from these numbers around the topic of a demographic study of malware infections by geographical region suddenly become based on nothing else than thin air, which means that the articles themselves are utter bullcrap, presented to the masses as factual truth, as the public is in the right to expect a quality information coming from verified, credible sources, which is the basis of the power of that Fourth Estate that is commonly associated with the press.




Credibility is a valuable commodity, and one that can be quickly lost, and once lost, could be very hard to recover.  Journalism and computer security both have in common that they both rely heavily on credibility to effectively manage to perform in their respective lines of businesses.  One can understand that a journalist may not have the technical background to judge of the technical expertise of an info-sec specialist, but that still doesn't prevent them from finding out if the source is as reliable and credible as they claim to be.  None of the stuff I exposed in this article is technical, but tells a lot about the company's credibility, so the lack of technical expertise on the journalists' side can not be used as an excuse.  As soon as I made a few searches on Google, I started digging out interesting stuff.  In a matter of approximately 15 minutes, I had over 60 webpages opened on the topic, and of which you just read the collection of my findings through these webpages.  I wouldn't have gone through such troubles putting together such an article if what I found during my investigations didn't cry "foul" at me louder and louder as I kept digging deeper and deeper.




Whether or not ESG is now completely legitimate or if they are crooked, the point is that they are not credible in the field of IT security, and by a large margin.  The fact remains that they managed, over the last few years, to social-engineer media outlets to the point of gaining enough pseudo-credibility through media exposure that they made it past onto such reputable computer security mailing lists such as ThreatPost.  That, in itself, implies that nowadays media outlets are vulnerable now more than ever to be manipulated through the use of social engineering tricks, and deserves the ringing of an alarm bell.



Because if we, the citizens, can't rely on the media to fulfill their role of going after the truth, then it is our whole capacity to make enlightened democratic choices as a society that gets seriously hampered down, and that, is not a good thing, I think.


Adam Richard

Information Security Consultant

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